STYLES OF KARATE
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
After the Shaolin Temple was destroyed, the priests who have survived have spread to China and taught martial arts there. Thus there is a variety of styles. At that time in Okinawa, which was ruled by shogun Hanoshi was forbidden the possession of weapons other than the person in immediate emperors services. As a major Chinese city of Shanghai twice coming from Kyoto (the capital of Japan), the Okinawan people are going to China and there practicing martial arts. After returning to Okinawa, they transmitted their knowledge to others and this was the fighting skills that are called and what the Japanese mean hand. These eventually formed the Nahe (Naha-te), and from Shurija (Shuri-te).
Naha-te: defensive character, circular motions with the Grappling and throwing techniques, and reminds the Chinese martial arts styles.
Shuri-te: offensive character, the linear movement and direct techniques involved, fighting with nunchako (hammerhead for grain), Tonfa (handle for turning the mill-stone) and kama (sickle kind).
There are many masters that contributed to the development of these styles, but two are considered the founders of: Anko Itosu school and Shuri and Naha Kanryo Higashionna school as well. Shuri style, and from it have been developed yet: Shotokan Ryu and Wado Ryu. Master Higashionna Shuri and was using at the beginning of his work has developed Naha, the forerunner of today's Goju-ryu style. Later, in Naha, and the style has evolved and Shito-Ryu Kyokushinkai.
Karate is disclosed when an unidentified military doctor noted that the troops from Okinawa were very physically ready, and when they inquired and knew that they train in the martial art called Te. Word got around and the Japanese emperor, and he urged okinawas masters of the public presenttation and a demonstration of a certain okinawa Gichin Funakoshi. He has devoted his life to the popularization of karate skills and was named the father of modern karate. 1930th year he changed the name in Karate which in Japanese means empty hand or unarmed combat. After that karate has spread throughout the world.
After the death of the founder of modern karate Gichin Funakoshi several schools of karate emerged (which later developed into the styles). According to the classification of H. Kanasawe, one of the world's most respected trainers, the most important to consider the following styles:
STYLES ACHIEVEMENTS
Shotokan
Shotokan is the most widespread and popular style of karate in the world. The literal translation of the word Shotokan is a "Tiger House". Shotokan style of karate, Gichin Funakoshi was invented and spread it to Japan. It has a total of 27 floors. System training is divided into 3 parts:
Kihon - fundamental techniques Kata - a set of predetermined movements which consists of defensive and offensive techniques, Kumite - fighting with the enemy using the learned kicks and blocks, positions and movements of Kihon and Kata techniques include solid, long positions, which provide stability and enable strong movements, while the Kumite fighting techniques are introduced fast, accurate and appropriate shock in certain parts of the body with a continuous movement in the space arena.
Shotokan is known as 'hard' style, especially for beginners because it introduces a strong and sharp basic techniques and stances. In progress for more belts or master levels are introduced lighter fluid technology, incorporates the techniques of throwing, slow circular techniques and the elements characteristic of other martial arts.
Designed for the more athletic combat. The Shotokan style is not practiced by direct blows to the body, but the arm or leg is stopped, so as to prevent possible injury to the opponent. In kumiteu (struggle) to allow blows to the lower part of the body (above the waist), a blow to the head are allowed only under control, that there shall be no excessive contact and injury.
The first kata that are taught are 5 students: Heian Shodan, Heian Nidan, Heian Sandan, Heian Yondan and Heian Godan. This is followed by master kata which has 20-odd.
Shito-Ryu
In Year 1889 a man by the name Kenwa Mabuni was born in Okinawa (Okinawa), and since he was little and weak as a child he began to train with (at that time) famous karate masters Anko ltosu, who was a master of Shuri-te karate. Mabuni was the 17th generation of a famous samurai family on Okinawa and was very proud of his origins. He trained very hard and consistently and was more and more interested in the art of karate. One of his colleagues named Chojun Miyagi was trained by another well-known master named Kanryo Higashionna in Naha-te school. Since it was introduced with his fellow master Higaonna, this began to teach him his style. After many years of hard training Mabuni became recognized in the Shuri-te and Naha-te karate style - something it had never happened before.
Technically, Shuri-te can be described as a style with long, fast and true techniques, while Naha-te can be described as a style based on strong and circular techniques. Mabuni combined these two styles and created his own style which he called Shito-Ryu (screen-PAR). At Okinawa he taught among others, local police. In 1929. Mabuni moved (as another karate master in history after Funakoshi) in Japan and settled in Osaka where he taught at various universities and the police. Shito-Ryu is the largest around Osaka style even today. Mabuni died 1952nd but his Shito-Ryu karate live and on, and today is one of the four major styles in Japan.
Goju-Ryu
Japanese "hard-soft" style is one of the major styles of karate is a combination of strong and gentle techniques. Both principles, hard and soft, developing on Okinawa during the 19th and 20th centuries. Go means hard, a strong hand techniques and linear attacks; Ju means treasure and represents an open hand techniques and kružećih movement.
In Goju-ryu are aligned circular and linear direct movements. Combining the powerful attack the arms and legs close to the milder open hand circular techniques, strikes, blocks, throws and chokes Great importance is given to proper breathing techniques. The founder of the compressibility was Chojun Miyagi, a style in 1933. recognized as a modern martial art in Japan.
Wado-Ryu
On the surface, Wado-ryu looks very similar to other styles such as Shotokan. However, there are some important differences. It can be argued that the Wado-Ryu style of Ju-juitsua rather than Okinawan Karate. When it was first registered in Japan as a modern martial art 1938th the style was called Shinshu Wadoryu Karate-Jujutsu, a name that reflects the hybrid nature of Wado-a. Wado-ryu's founder Hironori Ohtsuka was already a licensed practitioner in Shindo Yoshin Ryu and Yoshin Koryu Jujutsu when he first met the Okinawan karate master Funakoshi. Full name Wadokai and in English by Japan Karatedo Federation Wadokai, in the present age, full name Wadoryu is a Wadoryu Karatedo Renmei.
KYOKUSHIN (Oyama-Ryu)
Kyokushin style of karate founded Masatutsu Oyama. It differs from traditional karate (Shotokan), in that the Kyokushin full contact Karate, which means they are allowed kicks in full force, and fighters do not wear any protection. It is considered the strongest style of karate. Many fighters in kyokushin karate were successful in a competition-type K1. One of the most representative of Kyokushin is a Swiss Andy Hug who in 1996. won K1.
Apart from these, are also significant schools:
Uechi ryu karate is a genuine Chinese style, which is in unmodified form is preserved and transferred to Okinawa, where it continues to spread throughout the world. The main characteristic of this style is the possibility of fighting a short distance, so in that sense, practicing, fighting with attacks on vital points of the body. Style is characterized by three principles which underlie and they are: tiger, crane and dragon. Tiger symbolizes power, crane and dragon soft energy that is produced during strenuous exercise.
Fudokan (Translated from Japanese: "House of a solid foundation") is a school of karate founded by the 1980th Taiji Kase, Dr. Vladimir Borges and dr.Ilija Jorga. The name "Fudo" derives from the name Kazeovog club in Paris, from which Dr. Elias Jorga performed Fudokan coin. Fudokan is znavstvena vezija Šotokana because it teaches all the kata, which belong Šotokan style. Also, Kate from similar styles (Sanchin, Sesan, etc.) but it has Kate. This kata was released from Šotokana Masatoshi Nakayama 1958th because he wanted to make clear difference between styles. Style that belongs to traditional karate.